The Four Most Common Feline Dental Conditions and How They’re Treated
- Carolyn O'Brien
- Apr 21
- 3 min read
Dental disease is one of the most common health issues seen in cats, especially as they age. Unfortunately, many of these conditions develop slowly and can go unnoticed until they’re causing pain or affecting your cat’s appetite, behaviour, or overall health.
1. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, usually caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria, although calicivirus may also be involved. It’s an early stage of dental disease and, if caught in time, is usually manageable.
What to watch for:
- Red or swollen gums, especially around the base of the teeth
- Bad breath
- Drooling or licking the lips
- Mild discomfort when eating
How it’s treated:
Gingivitis is often treated with a professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar. In some cases, your vet may recommend anti-inflammatory medication or antibiotics if infection is present. At-home care like dental diets, oral rinses, or brushing can help prevent it from coming back.
2. Tooth Resorptive Lesions
Tooth resorption is a condition where part of the tooth structure begins to break down, often starting below the gumline. It’s surprisingly common in cats and can be very painful, even if no obvious signs are visible.
What to watch for:
- Chewing on one side of the mouth
- Dropping food or hesitating while eating
- Pawing at the mouth
- Avoiding dry food
How it’s treated:
Tooth resorption can’t be reversed, and extraction is typically the only effective treatment. These lesions often require dental X-rays for a proper diagnosis, since the damage is frequently hidden below the gumline. Removing the affected teeth is the best way to relieve pain and prevent further complications.
3. Periodontal Disease
This is a more advanced stage of dental disease that affects not just the gums but also the tissues and bone that support the teeth. It's caused by prolonged plaque and tartar buildup and can lead to tooth loss.
What to watch for:
- Receding gums
- Loose or missing teeth
- Persistent bad breath
- Difficulty chewing or decreased appetite
How it’s treated:
Treatment depends on the severity. Early stages may just require a professional cleaning and improved home care. In more advanced cases, deeper cleaning under the gumline (scaling and root planing), tooth extractions, and antibiotics may be needed. Ongoing dental check-ups are important to keep the condition under control.
4. Periapical Abscess
A periapical abscess is a painful infection at the root of a tooth. It can develop due to trauma, untreated decay, or damage to the tooth that allows bacteria to enter.
What to watch for:
- Swelling under the eye or along the jaw
- Reluctance to eat or obvious discomfort when chewing
- Facial sensitivity
- Possible fever or lethargy in more severe cases
How it’s treated:
Treatment usually involves extracting the infected tooth to eliminate the source of infection. Your cat may also need antibiotics and pain relief before or after the procedure. Any associated swelling or drainage will also be addressed during treatment and monitored for healing.
Why Dental Health Matters
Most cats will experience some degree of dental disease in their lifetime, but regular dental exams and cleanings can help catch problems early—or even prevent them. If your cat is showing signs like bad breath, changes in eating habits, or sensitivity around the mouth, it’s a good idea to schedule a veterinary dental evaluation.
Keeping up with dental care means more than a clean mouth—it can improve your cat’s comfort, quality of life, and even prevent more serious health issues down the line.
